colorado blizzard 2007

Denver International Airport (DIA), the city's official weather-observation site, recorded 27.1 inches of wind-driven snow on Saturday and Sunday. A blizzard warning continues for the northeast plains through Tuesday night. The Interstate 70 in Colorado was partially closed on Thursday morning, following reports of multiple vehicle crashes, after up to 4 inches of snow . After Holiday Blizzard II the Colorado National Guard was sent to the Southeastern Colorado Plains in an attempt to access small towns isolated by heavy snowdrifts. [26], Severe ice caused a 50-mile (80km) stretch of Interstate 78 in Pennsylvania between Lebanon County and Allentown to be shut down, stranding motorists for upwards of 24 hours and requiring the National Guard to be called in. Education . Denver has had its fair share of record snowfalls during the last 100 years, but three of them certainly stand out. Coal Creek Canyon, meanwhile, got four feet of snow. It could dump up to a foot of snow in many mountain communities and bring blizzard-like conditions to a stretch of the . The storm killed 100 people. Many parts of Northern and Northeastern Indiana received between 12 and 20inches (300510mm), and blizzard conditions for an extended period of time. Colorado Springs, Colorado Area . Two men were found frozen to death yesterday on State Route 24, cast of Colorado Springs. 45.7 inches of snow. As Denver is a major hub for United Airlines, an estimated 100,000people were affected by the closure. [4] Final losses were estimated between 10,000 and 15,000 cattle in Colorado. The Midway total was the largest amount of snow received in the month of February for one midnight-to-midnight day since records began to be kept in 1928. It began on December 20, 2006 with a powerful blizzard which crippled the region, forcing the closures of Interstate Highways 25, 76 and 70, as well as U.S. The effect on much of Michigan by the storm was light, although the extreme southern part of the state was hard hit with heavy snowfall, especially the Detroit Metro area. At 6 PM on the 15th, plowing begins and continued through the night. The highway was closed for more than an hour, which forced motorists to detour on slush-covered side streets. One accident occurred when a tractor-trailer jack-knifed on the Mansion House Hill, Route 209, in Jim Thorpe at about 4 AM on the 14th. Guardsmen in small helicopters were sent to break ice on water tanks for the cattle to drink. Then snow will return to the mountains by late Friday and will con. Heavy snow, very strong winds and extreme blowing and drifting will close roads . [23][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][13] In Quebec City, a 16-year-old boy disappeared during the snowstorm and was found dead three days later in a snow bank.[40]. In Pennsylvania, Governor Ed Rendell declared a disaster emergency across the entire state on the 15th. Lansford continued their state of emergency on the 15th, which was issued on the 14th. There is a common misconception that the Colorado Front Range gets a lot of snow. Eastern Colorado was hit with 20-50 inches of snow, according to the Colorado Climate Center, and at least 13 people died. Several schools across the county were closed on the 14th, with some also closed on the 15th. [49] A global warming hearing in the U.S. House of Representatives' Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality scheduled for February 14 and a showing of the film An Inconvenient Truth at Maryville University in St. Louis were also cancelled.[50]. In the Cincinnati area, 122,000 were without power at one point with 52,000 still blacked out as of Wednesday morning. [51][52] About 7,500 customers in Indiana near the Indianapolis region were still without power on February 15, down from a peak of about 50,000 especially in the Bloomington area. SUGGESTED VIDEOS:Local stories from 9NEWS. But the Armistice Day Blizzard, which (as the name suggests) hit Nov. 11, 1940, quickly and unexpectedly brought a flurry of deadly snowfall. Many grocery stores, department retailers and other service providing institutions were shut down or severely limited in the diversity of their supplies. Colorado Snow. The Pueblo Chieftain Online A snowplow blows snow from a street in La Junta Tuesday morning.Owens said the biggest immediate concern was making sure any remaining people trapped in vehicles because of the storm were rescued.You can get around within the towns, Owens said at a news conference after his tour high above the land.The National Guard spent the day using Humvees, large trucks and special tracked vehicles to rescue trapped people and resupply shelters.The Colorado Wing of the Civil Air Patrol had up to a dozen single-engine aircraft each with three people on board flying over the southeastern corner of the state looking for stranded vehicles, trapped motorists or stranded livestock.County sheriffs departments in each of the counties hit hardest by the storm scrambled to help people.On Monday rescue efforts continued. [27] Other stretches of highway throughout Pennsylvania were shut down, including Interstate 80, 81, and after the storm, even the Pennsylvania Turnpike. [5] Overall, National Guard units, including ones from Wyoming and Oklahoma, dropped feed to an estimated 345,000 cattle stranded by ten foot drifts. At 8:20 AM on the 14th, it was decided that drifting was occurring more frequently than road crews could clear, resulting in the heavily traveled road being closed. When lightning struck near central Colorado on . Dartmouth College shut down campus operations on February 14. On the 15th at 3:54 AM, state troopers and emergency personnel began walking miles of Interstate 78, waking up truckers who have gone to sleep as traffic begins to move. By January 7, 2007, Colorado had endured three major snowstorms in as many weeks. Meanwhile, a Pacific storm slammed onto the California coast during the 11th and as it moved eastward, a new area of low pressure developed across southeastern Colorado and the Texas Panhandle. This is by far the biggest April snowstorm in Denver history,according to Weather 5280. The Rocky Mountains were hammered with as much as 87 inches (7.25 feet) of snow in places, and Denver received about 30 inches, which shut down the airport and stranded motorists. About 1,100 motorists were stranded in Colorado as a ferocious winter storm - a " bomb cyclone " - unleashed hurricane-force winds and blizzard conditions in parts of the central United . Heavy snow fell for three days until a total of 31.8 inches hit Denver, and even more in some towns in the surrounding area - the foothills got as much as 82 inches. On January 4, 2007, United Airlines announced more than $40million in losses from the storms' effects on holiday travel. In the early afternoon of March 1, 2007, an EF4 tornado . Interstate 80 was closed between Interstates 81 and 380. [78] A separate destructive EF2, also struck the Carrollton and Hollygrove neighborhoods of New Orleans, as well as the town of Westwego, Louisiana. Other pecan trees had large limbs broken off, and one person was injured. Several old barns and metal sheds were lightly damaged, and numerous trees were downed, including at least one that fell onto a mobile home. In Monroe County, state police closed Interstates 80 and 380 during the afternoon of the 14th because of bad road conditions. The storm produced heavy snowfalls across the midwestern United States from Nebraska to Ohio and produced similar conditions across parts of the northeastern United States, and into Canada in Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick. The tornado was down only intermittently. Burlington, Vermont recorded record 24-hour snowfall, with 25.3 inches (640mm). This strong tornado first touched down in Westwego before crossing the, 1 death A second strong tornado touched down after the previous one dissipated and struck the Pontchartrain Park neighborhood in Gentilly northeast of. The entire state was mired in drifts of snow up to 8 feet (2.4m) high and, at some locations, even higher drifts existed. In Chicago, O'Hare International Airport received 10.2inches (259mm) of snow, while Midway Airport received 12.0 inches (300mm). When lightning struck near central Colorado on July 6, 1994, it set off a raging wildfire that burned 2,115 acres in the South Canyon area. When lightning struck near central Colorado on . It was estimated that drifts in some areas of Denver reached up to 5 feet (1.5m), with an average depth of about 3 feet (0.91m). Over two dozen deaths were reported in the Colorado, Kansas and the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles as a result of these storms. Timothy Kaine declared a statewide emergency in advance of the storm, directing state agencies to help in the response to and recovery from the storm. In sharp contrast to the mostly mild weather in the first few weeks of winter, the eastern half of the continent was under the influence of cold temperatures. [citation needed]. [citation needed] County Emergency Dispatch officials reported about a dozen or so minor vehicle accidents due to the slippery conditions. The blizzard warning is in effect from midnight on Monday to . Over a week after the storm in Chester County, Pennsylvania, melted snow refreezes into ice on a street. The freezing rain coated all surfaces with thick layers of ice, including power lines and tree limbs which break under the additional weight. This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 21:26. Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio closed its campus for two days, beginning February 13, for the third time in 25 years. The storm closed Interstate 70 in the mountains, and had a greater impact farther east, where 40 inches of snow fell on Aurora. But the Armistice Day Blizzard, which (as the name suggests) hit Nov. 11, 1940, quickly and unexpectedly brought a flurry of deadly snowfall. In Edgefield County, numerous other trees were downed, three outbuildings were destroyed, and one other was severely damaged. Downtown Denver, in particular, experienced severe economic hardships as a result since so many paths were not clear for potential customers, but it was the same throughout many places. RELATED: Blizzard of 1913 dumps 45 inches of snow on Denver. Sporadic tree and building damage occurred. [2] The National Weather Service has determined that this storm was one of the three largest snowstorms to hit the inland areas of the northeastern United States since 1940.[3]. As some warmer air began to move in above the surface, the snow mixed with and changed to sleet and freezing rain between 6 PM and 7 PM EST on the 13th in Philadelphia and Delaware Counties, then between 7 PM and 11 PM across most other areas in eastern Pennsylvania. Highway officials along with the National Guard and State Police worked to clear the stuck trucks and cars from the highway, therefore plowing and ice removal can get fully underway. The neighbors roof was damaged by flying debris. The bill would declare the heaviest hit regions as "major disaster areas" and provide those hardest hit with FEMA and other federal aid. South of the wintry precipitation zone, severe weather erupted across the Gulf States, where a tornado was reported on February 12 in the New Orleans area killing one person and injuring a dozen in the Pontchartrain Park neighborhood, one of the hardest hit areas by Hurricane Katrina due to the flood waters. As this was well before the modern era of weather predictions and reporting, Coloradans were essentially blindsided by the storm when it hit on December 1st. The storm also pounded Albuquerque with over 26inches of snow in less than two days.[2]. Bill Owens, who flew over the area that morning, described the scene as a white wasteland, with little sign of life outside scattered towns. However, this never happened. Snowdrifts covering parked cars on 110th Street after more than 20 inches of snow fell in two days in New York City in 1996. A brief tornado uprooted trees and damaged the skirting of a mobile home. Overall everything is going good, Frazee said.Frazee said blowing snow late Friday caused a little havoc.It blew a couple of roads that we already cleared shut again, but we cleared them off (Saturday) morning, Frazee said.Frazee said the National Guard continued cattle rescue efforts through the air and on the ground.Mike Bryant, Lamar mayor pro tem, said work crews began clearing roads leading to local schools.We are centralizing our street snow removal around schools. When it snows in Denver and people say "it could be worse," this is what they're talking about. Also in New York state, in the hills and valleys south of Syracuse, snowfall depths ranged from 24 to 45inches (6101,100 mm). A weak tornado downed several trees and broke off tree limbs. On the night of the 13th, the primary low moved into the far eastern Ohio Valley while a secondary low developed on the stalled front in the Carolinas. [4] Losses in a similar storm in 1997 resulted in over 27,000 cattle fatalities with an economic loss of $27 million. Blizzard warning for extremely . Snow is overspreading Colorado, where Denver is forecast to receive one to two feet. Snow began across between 6 AM and 7 AM EST on the 13th in Philadelphia, Delaware, Chester, Montgomery and Berks counties. [58] The mayor of Covington, Kentucky, Butch Callery, postponed Valentine's Day until Saturday. When lightning struck near central Colorado on . The 1913 blizzard blew more than three feet of snow into Denver. Several schools' classes were canceled after years without a snow day. (Saturday night) and (tonight) we will clear the schools, Klein said. Concerns about potential cattle losses prompted Colorado to airlift hay to the hardest hit areas, including the use of UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters from the Colorado National Guard and a C-130 from the Wyoming National Guard. This was the airport's first official closure. Ice was expected for parts of the Canadian Maritimes. The 1913 blizzard still holds the record to this day, and the March 2003 storm is one Coloradans will never forget. Severe weather was also reported south of Birmingham, Alabama, near Jackson, Mississippi as well as in Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina. 5. This blizzard closed the Denver International Airport (DEN) at 2:45PM MST on the same day, stranding upwards of 40,000 at the airport. The snowfall totals from this storm were in addition to the snow that had fallen just a week previously. Tornado damage, rather than snow fall, caused Tulane University to cancel classes. The Exeter Township snow emergency, which was declared on the 14th, was extended through 4 PM on the 15th. Significant sleet and freezing rain fell across the southern Ohio Valley and affected portions of the east coast of the United States, including the cities of Boston, Baltimore, Washington, D.C., New York City and Philadelphia. October 1997 - Passersby give motorist Joe Proctor a shove along West Bijou Street in Colorado Springs on Saturday morning, October 25, 1997. This means that all non-essential travel should be avoided. Carriage House Early Learning Center is hiring a qualified Assistant Director who has a passion for making a difference in, Position is full time M-F 8:00 - 5:00 pm. Image. An area of low pressure tracked across southeastern Canada during the 12th, which brought an arctic front across the Mid Atlantic region late on the 12th. On the 17th at 4 PM, the interstate reopened. While not technically a . You don't expect to see a major blizzard. [citation needed]. The combination of a heavy snowfall then a mix of sleet, snow and freezing rain made for hazardous road conditions. Considering the current weather pattern, it may be difficult to believe that 21 years ago a life-taking blizzard was raging across eastern Colorado. People unable to get to holiday celebrations or work found a challenging environment awaited when they ventured out. In fact, Boston is close to setting a record for the least snow in any season.[14]. Hay drops were instituted to feed thousands of stranded, starving cattle. Providing excellent customer service, Schofield Excavation is Seeking Employees for Work in Eagle, Summit & Park Counties Benefits 100% Employer paid health insurance for. The February 2007 North American blizzard was a massive winter storm that affected most of the eastern half of North America, starting on February 12, 2007 and peaking on Valentine's Day, February 14.The storm produced heavy snowfalls across the midwestern United States from Nebraska to Ohio and produced similar conditions across parts of the northeastern United States, and into Canada in . ANTHONY . Denver and Colorado Springs also saw huge totals. The first blizzard began early on Wednesday December 20, 2006, as a storm blew through the eastern plains of Colorado spilling as much as two feet of snow up and down Interstate-25, from Fort Collins to Pueblo. [3] Many of the side streets in Denver remained covered in snow which turned to thick ice due to continued residential traffic. All donations made in 2023 will go directly toward this project. [5], Heavy ice amounts fell for locations along Interstate 95 from Maine to Virginia and west towards southern Ohio and Indiana. There was an estimated 100,000 people effected by the closure of . Several areas received over 115inches (over 2.5m) of snow in a ten-day period just before the large winter storm as northwesterly winds and unfrozen lake surfaces due to the early winter warm weather favored the heavy snowfall. The National Weather Service has issued a blizzard warning for areas north and east of Denver in the Eastern Plains of the state. Wages $50,000 - 63,000 which is based on industry knowledge, skills, This position requires a mature, positive, punctual, self-motivated person who is detail oriented, organized, good at problem solving, has good, Red, White & Blue Fire Rescue is seeking applicants for the positions of Firefighter & Firefighter/Paramedic. Clarification note on previous post: After review more records, This is the first blizzard warning that we are aware of (even dating back before 2007)," it wrote. Snow . Colorado Holiday Blizzard I. A subsequent storm, smaller in scope, struck the area less than a week after the second blizzard, further hampering removal efforts and travel in the region. The mixed precipitation made it more difficult for some road crews to keep up. PHOTOS: 1982 Christmas blizzard dumps 24 inches on Denver. This piece of Colorado history is on the market for $925,000, Players given Kratom by Colorado coach, police say, 77 inches of snow fall at Colorado ski area in 9 days, CDOT: Avoid traveling in Colorado this weekend, Probable heavy snowfall in Colorado: Here's how you can prepare, Denver saw its biggest blizzard ever in December 1913, What do the March 2003 blizzard and this snowstorm have in common? Below is a hand drawn surface map of the blizzard when . This small outbreak produced a total of 19 tornadoes. At 10:40 PM, Governor Ed Rendell declared a disaster emergency. At 6:08 PM, the Berks Emergency Management Deputy Coordinator finds that the Hamburg barracks is without power and phones. Drifts were as high as two to three feet (600900mm), and the snow was very powdery as it fell with temperatures around 10F (12C). This was a series of blizzards that occurred during the last few weeks of 2006 and in the beginning weeks of 2007. Mini Cooper S countryman - 2023. [45] The University of Illinois canceled their classes for two consecutive days for the first time in at least 27 years. The snow ripped the famous canvas roof at Denver International Airport, closing it for days. Come for the science, stay to behold his amazing moustache! A pump house was destroyed, a large tree branch fell onto a car, a mobile home and an outbuilding was damaged, and uprooted and snapped several trees. For the first time in six years, Youngstown State University in Youngstown, Ohio canceled classes as a result of the snow. La Junta has financial troubles of its own with the closure of Bay Valley Foods, a pickle company that closed last year.The storm, that buried several small towns up and down the valley, began as it moved across Southeastern Colorado on Dec. 28.The storm strengthened the next day with high winds blowing snow across the formerly dusty plains. U.S. This is the biggest storm we've had here in years. In total, this storm system was responsible for 37 deaths across 13 U.S. states and Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec. Additional snow removing equipment was brought in from the western part of the state to help with the clearing of the highway. Some locations in the Mid-Atlantic received several inches of sleet. On February 14, for only the third time in school history, Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania canceled classes as a result of the snow. The Holiday Blizzard II was another intense snow storm. Several elementary, middle, and high schools were closed three days in a row in central New York. Recruited by Steve Alford, they were the perfect players for Mick Cronin. 2 T 609 Triu. Winter storms can range from a moderate snow over a few hours to a blizzard that lasts for several days. [9], The storm left a mark on states like Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, which received heavy snow for over 24 hours, accumulating upwards of 18inches (457.2mm) in some areas. Blizzard conditions hit Colorado as winter storm heads east. In the early afternoon of March 1, 2007, an EF4 tornado . NAME/DATE OF INCIDENT: Southeast Colorado Blizzard Response (Blizzard II) SITUATION: Following on the heels of the December 20-22 blizzard, . This was a main trouble spot as the snow and sleet reportedly drifted on the hill across part of the highway. A Quiznos Sub in Syracuse, New York closed due to snowfall affecting shipments. [citation needed]. Accounting Coordinator / Deputy Town Clerk: Responsible for various accounting functions, licensing of short term rentals and tobacco retailers, providing. But the Armistice Day Blizzard, which (as the name suggests) hit Nov. 11, 1940, quickly and unexpectedly brought a flurry of deadly snowfall. During the midday hours on the 14th, giant slabs of ice slid off tops of buildings in Center City and crashed to the ground. Due to DIA's remote location, many people were forced to spend the night inside the airport, sleeping on cots or the floor. 5. 8 Arizona (25-5, 14-5) on Senior Night, fans saying farewell Saturday to Campbell, Jaquez and Singleton alongside fellow seniors Kenneth Nwuba and Russell Stong IV. Entry Level Training opportunity for the right candidate. It dumped over six inches (15cm) of snow across numerous areas from Iowa to New Brunswick, including major cities such as Akron, Detroit, ChampaignUrbana, Chicago, Cleveland, Columbus, Springfield, Peoria, Indianapolis, Fort Wayne, Dayton, Toledo, Cincinnati, London, Hamilton, the Niagara Region, Toronto, Sherbrooke, Saguenay, Trois-Rivires, Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec City, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, Rochester, Windsor, Syracuse and Albany. The blizzards occurred within a week of each other. In addition to traffic accidents, fatalities were reported due to tornadoes, heart attacks while shoveling, roof collapses due to heavy snow, falling tree branches and carbon monoxide poisoning. This allowed mainly light snow to overspread the region from south to north during the early morning hours of the 13th. The full project is expected to cost about $165,000. According to the Denver Department of Public Works, snow and ice removal efforts continued until March 26, 2007. The National Weather Service has issued a winter storm warning for much of the mountains through noon Thursday with 1 to 3 feet of snow and wind gusts to 65 mph forecast, creating near-blizzard . Hartwick College had its first recorded snow day in its 230-year history, and stayed closed for 2 days. In Pittsburgh, tourist sites such as the zoo and aquarium were closed. There was a lull in the precipitation during the evening hours of the 13th especially across southeastern Pennsylvania, however the precipitation became widespread overnight and during the early morning hours of the 14th. This was the strongest tornado in southwest Louisiana since the. Wind whipped snow accumulations ranged from 7 to 10inches (180250mm) fell throughout the area, especially the southeastern suburbs, including 8.5 inches (220mm) at both Detroit Metropolitan Airport and Wyandotte, and 8.4 inches (210mm) in Dundee. Jan 7, 2007. All schools in the county canceled classes as early as the evening of the 13th. [59] Travelers heading to Mardi Gras had to take a train to Washington, D.C. and then drive a rental vehicle to New Orleans. [25], In Sherbrooke, Quebec, where nearly 2 feet (0.61m) of snow fell, several hundred students were forced to sleep at schools as buses were unable to travel in the near blizzard conditions. [48] In New Hampshire, presidential candidate Mitt Romney (R) was forced to cancel a campaign appearance. LA JUNTA People in the Lower Arkansas Valley said the blizzard that devastated much of Southeastern Colorado will go down as one of the worst snowstorms in the history . At 5 PM on the 15th, the state orders Interstate 78 shut down in both directions from Interstate 81 in Lebanon County to Route 100 in Lehigh County. Here is the complete breakdown of the top 18 historic snowfalls in the Denver metro area as corroborated between NOAA and newspaper reports: PHOTOS: Blizzard of 1990 buries Colorados Front Range, Denver Public Library Western History Department. Investigating, he found a Honda Ridgeline that was buried in 2 feet of snow on an unplowed country road. "Warm today. Public schools in the "W Towns" in eastern Massachusetts (Weston, Wayland, and Wellesley) did have school that day despite the fact that almost every other town in the state had the day off. They were seen breaking trails on city streets on horseback, skis and snowshoes. The school board was criticized for opening schools on that day. March 2003. Swipe is only available in chrome dev tools mobile mode. According to firsthand estimates, death loss in affected feedlots was running 1 to 4 head/1,000 head due . At 4:40 PM, a 911 caller asked to speak to the Berks Emergency Management Agency. Colorado Blizzard of 2006. Mon Thur, evening shift. [57] Most of those outages were from an ice storm that hit areas from the southern Ohio Valley towards the Atlantic Coast. The open space in front of the state capitol building, now Civic Center Park, was the destination of hundreds and hundreds of horse-drawn wagonloads of snow. Maine Governor John Baldacci declared a state of emergency in order to assure heating oil for residents of the state, which was one of the hardest hit areas by the snowstorm. Due to the additional heavy snowfall, New York Governor Eliot Spitzer called in the National Guard to assist in the snow removal efforts in the areas hit by the lake effect snow storm.[6]. University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, "VALENTINE'S DAY WINTER STORM CLASSIFIED AS A CATEGORY 3 "MAJOR" STORM", "Valentine's Day storm stacks up against history", "Snow about to give hard-hit towns a break", Snowstorm rumbling through Ontario, moving east, Winter storm that battered Midwest slams into Northeast, hindering travel and closing schools, "Capital Region Hit by Major Winter Storm", Governor Rendell Declares Disaster Emergency Statewide, Urges Motorists to Avoid I-78 as Efforts Continue to Help Stranded Motorists, "Total Snowfall from the Feb 1314 2007 Snowstorm", "Snowstorm sends semis spinning, heads east", "Preliminary February 1314, 2007 Snowfall/Ice", Snowstorm sends semis spinning, heads east, New winter storm through Midwest creates havoc for travellers, Several More Crashes Complicate Evening Rush, "Les conditions routires sont toujours difficiles", STUCK ON I-78: Many Motorists Stranded on Closed Highway, Governor Rendell Launches Investigation Into State's Winter Storm Response, Southern Ontario shoveling out from storm, "Trucker dies on I-87 where phones don't work: Driver collapses in snow along Northway", "Man dies in storm-related highway accident", "Three dead in Bennington from shoveling-related heart attacks", Storm across Midwest, East kills 5; travel treacherous, Storm cancels classes, flights in Northeast, "Storm leaves behind snow, ice, frustration", "Motorists free, highways closed as death toll rises", "House Hearing on 'Warming of the Planet' Canceled after Ice Storm. In Berks County, snow and sleet along with very cold temperatures combined with some accidents and other aspects to cause a 50-mile backup on Interstate 78. In the heaviest snowfall since 1913, a mid-March blizzard in 2003 dropped 31.8 inches in Denver, making it one of the costliest storms to address, at a whopping $33.6 million, based on insurance claims.

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